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Generator Set Operation and Maintenance



 

Generator Set Operation and Maintenance

Agenda

  • Battery Maintenance
  • Alternator/Generator System
    • System Operation
    • Generator Sets Maintenance
    • Generator Sets Troubleshooting /Diagnostics
  • Safety and Warning Labels
  • Engine System
    • Operation
    • Preventive Maintenance
    • Common Problems and Troubleshooting
  • Generator Set
    • System Operation
    • Generator Set Maintenance
    • Generator Set Troubleshooting /Diagnostics

Objectives

  • Provide fundamental knowledge and information on Generator Set Systems.
  • Ensure safety and identify hazards in operating Generator Sets.
  • Explain the functions of Generator Set systems and components.
  • Perform basic troubleshooting on the Generator Set.
  • Ensure proper operation of the Genset before, during, and after the engine stops.

Safety and Accident Prevention

  • Personal Safety and Protection (Basic PPE’s)
    • Hard Hat
    • Gloves
    • Safety Shoes
    • Arc Flash Protection
    • Hearing Protection
  • Warning Labels on the Genset
    • Universal Warning
    • Automatic Starting
    • Hot Surface
    • Lifting the Genset
    • Hot Fluid Under Pressure
    • Electrical Shock
    • Electrocution
    • Vapor Explosion (Oil and Fuel Filters)

Engine System

  • Common Engine Terms
    • Bore
    • Stroke
    • Compression Ratio
    • Displacement
    • Horsepower
  • Engine Combustion Process
    • Intake
    • Compression
    • Power
    • Exhaust
  • Engine Wear and Tear
    • Contact
    • Pressure
    • Relative Motion
    • Major Wear Items: Cylinder liners, Seals & gaskets, Piston rings, Turbo bearings and seals, Valves, guides, and seats, Main and rod bearings
  • Emission Regulations Standards
    • PM
    • CO
    • NOx
    • Sulfur

Air Intake & Exhaust System

  • Provide adequate quantities of clean, filtered intake air.
  • Compress and boost the intake air into the cylinders to produce more power.
  • Remove exhaust gases and reduce exhaust noise.

Common Problems and Maintenance

  • Dust Ingestion: Causes accelerated abrasive wear of piston rings and cylinder liners, often due to inlet leaks or defective air filters.
  • Maintenance: Check pre-cleaner, piping, hoses, clamps, air filter, and exhaust system.

Engine Fuel System

  • Fuel Delivery
    • Function: Meters the amount of fuel, regulates engine speed, and helps control emissions.
    • Components: Fuel tank, fuel filters, transfer pump, injection pump, governor, timing advance mechanism, fuel ratio control, high and low-pressure fuel lines, nozzles, return line.

Maintenance

  • Prime fuel system if necessary.
  • Drain water from water separator weekly.
  • Inspect fuel nozzle or injector as per operation manual.
  • Replace primary and secondary fuel filters yearly.
  • Drain fuel storage tank and fuel day tank yearly.

Engine Cooling System

  • Function: Maintains proper engine temperature, removes excess heat, and cools compressed inlet air.
  • Components: Water pump, oil cooler, block and head passages, temp regulator, radiator, pressure cap, hoses, and pipes.

Maintenance

  • Daily: Check coolant level, leaks, and radiator external.
  • Every 6 months: Check coolant concentration.
  • Yearly: Inspect and possibly replace hoses, water pump, radiator cap, and coolant concentration.

Engine Lubrication System

  • Importance: Lubricates, removes heat, cleans, prevents corrosion, and removes contaminants.
  • Components: Oil pan, oil screen, oil pump/relief valve, oil filter, oil galleries, additional accessories (oil cooler, bypass valve).

Maintenance Intervals

  • Daily: Check oil level.
  • Yearly or every 250/500 service hours: Clean engine breather, replace engine oil & filter, check blow-by.

Battery Maintenance

  • Safety: Wear PPE, avoid sparks/flames, ensure proper ventilation.
  • Battery Types: Dry charge, wet charge, maintenance-free.
  • Maintenance: Inspect for corrosion, leaks, and loose connections. Check electrolyte levels yearly. Store batteries in a cool, dry place.

Generator System

  • Basics: Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
  • Components: Exciter, rotor, stator winding, rectifier, voltage regulator.
  • Operation: Walk around inspection, monitor parameters, apply load gradually, remove load before shutting down, perform weekly and monthly checks.

Maintenance Intervals

  • Regular component inspections, rigid PM schedule, pay attention to repair indicators.

Generator Set Troubleshooting

  • Protection: Speed, pressure, temperature, starting, level, voltage, current, frequency, reverse power.
  • Signs and Causes: Defective exciter, diode block, AVR, moisture on stator winding, low engine RPM, dirty air cleaner, overloading, worn rings/liners, defective turbocharger seals, worn valve guides, piston pin bushings, bearings, improper governor adjustment, fuel leaks, malfunctioning injectors, clogged radiator, low battery voltage, worn injector pump, coolant/fuel leaks into oil pan, improper oil fill.

Conclusion

Regular maintenance, proper operation, and timely troubleshooting are critical to ensuring the longevity and efficient performance of generator sets. Adhering to safety protocols and understanding the system's components and functions will help prevent accidents and unscheduled downtimes.

 

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